light bulb diagram circuit

15, 1W LEDs nominal is 3.2V forward volatage and 310mA is the current. should i use resistor?if i use resistors thre will be voltage drops too. thanks again…. When the switch is off, a complete circuit will not exist, and there will be no current. Your advise is greatly appreciated. How To Connect A 2 Way Switch With Circuit Diagram 2 Lights One Switch Diagram Switches 2 Lights Line In How Can I Eliminate One 3 Way Switch To Leave Just One ... Light Bulb 2 Switch Wiring Diagram Manual E Books 4 Switches 1 Light Wiring Diagram Wiring Diagram … Then i started to power the leds 5 at a time, and they DID light up. This current will also flow through the resistor. Go ahead and play around with it, there is a lot more room to improve the project, by increasing the current rating or by increasing the … This is strange cause all 35 led's were working 2 days ago(very bright too), and now the circuit doesn't have enough juice to power all of them. Hello, I need to build led driver .Please help me for the circuit to make it.Is it possible to make led driver with both possibile input AC/DC? A capacitive power supply cannot be modified for producing 2 amp current, it can be dangerous and is not recommended. You can include an NTC thermister at the input for increasing the life of the LEDs and the circuit.A glass epoxy PCB would be fine for this project. I read your topic on surge protection but exact value are not mention ( like for MOV ) so it difficult for beginners …. the LED are not constant.. plz what could be the problem? Don't use 6.8K because it's too high, use 100 ohm 1 watt and see the difference. A light bulb holder would have screw terminals to connect the wires to, and a socket to screw the light bulb into. And a potentiometer VR-500K adjusts the sensitivity. Downlights are wired in a radial circuit and so the feed wire goes to the first light in the circuit and then from the first to the second and then from the second to the third etc. Digital Multimeter Kit Reviews Led Christmas Lights Take a look at the circuit in Figure 3, where a 9V supply … Potential energy is the energy stored in an objects 3d Printer Kits Buy Online Physics. i am using the same 40 leds 3.2 v 30ma thank you in advance.Ps congrats you have the best circuit in the net. Hello, what if not resistance is installed when Diodes are in series with a 12v dc power supply? Arduino Robot Kits Hi Paula, you can use the same circuit as given above even with 110V inputs, just make sure the total LED count in the series does not exceed 30nos. at least 30 LEDs would be require if 50+50 resistances are used. After a couple of months it started to flicker. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. I hope i will get aprox 140ma.current. This observation is an indicator that the current within the circuit is decreasing. As three LEDs are connected in series, all the LEDs will have a voltage drop of 3.6V i.e. The two-sided circuit board seems to have been reflow soldered. Ferrite based inductors are not easy to calculate, it requires many parameters to be taken care of and then calculated. The circuit diagram for this circuit is shown below. can't the circuit apply with 100 leds !! One wire is connected to the metal casing & one wire is connected to the metal tip. Next, these would be comfortably working without a heatsink, so the entire design could be configured into a much compact unit. And on another occasion i built your circuit it worked fine for a couple of days, but then it stopped working. Sir, can I connect 100 pic 3.6 volt blue or multi colour led with above circuit.The circuit is long term or not. use more number of LED in series to increase the illumination…use at least 60 LEDs to make it bright and safe. This can control an outdoor or car park lamps to ON with itself and OFF in day. Best Gaming Monitors, Circuit 1 of Simple LED Circuits (Single LED Circuit), Circuit 2 of Simple LED Circuits (LEDs in Series), Circuit 3 of Simple LED Circuits (LEDs in Parallel), LED Resistor Calculator | Need for Series Resistor, WS2812B Addressable RGB LEDs | Control using Arduino, Auto Intensity Control of Street Lights using Arduino. Coming to the power rating of the resistor, it is equal to 1.2 * 0.03 = 0.036. another major defect of series lighting circuit is that as all lamps or bulbs are connected between Line L and Neutral N accordingly, if one of the light bulb gets faulty, the rest of the circuit will not work as the circuit will be open as shown in fig below. Breadboard Kits Beginners so if i changed the main 474k 400v cap to 3 uf, and the 1 uf cap to 100uf will i be able to drive 12+ 1watt led's in series with maximum brightness? I have 15 No's of white LED 5mm, would it work on the same circuit as you advised? Sir please give me a Running led series circuit diagram. For 5-60W light bulbs we can use this circuit, because the fluorescent will handle it without any … my main 220v, i have 1watt LED 45ps, how i can work this LED's 220v ??? 63% average accuracy. The value of the series resistor can be calculated using the following formula. Just power the circuit using a new 9V battery and bring a CFL bulb close to the coil you should be able to watch the CFL bulb glow without any connection on its own just like as shown in the video below. but I don’t know where is the challenge. As the bulbs in circuits A and D will light up, the correct answer is Option 4. This diagram illustrates wiring for one switch to control 2 or more lights. In this LDR darkness sensor circuit LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is used to Sensing The Light And Darkness. A final means of describing an electric circuit is by use of conventional circuit symbols to provide a schematic diagram of the circuit and its components. Its working fine. The cylindrical housing ensures proper and equal distribution of the generated illumination across the entire 360 degrees so that the entire premise is equally illuminated. Normally LED control circuits are based on buck boost or flyback principles, where the circuit is configured to produce a constant DC for illuminating an LED series. hello Swag good morning. for commercial production you may should prefer an SMPS design for reliability. I am an electronic hobbyist and want to learn in electronic and enhance my knowledge on field of electronics and circuit. Circuit Diagram Light Switch Just Another Wiring Diagram Blog ... 52 New Pictures Of Circuit Diagram Battery Light Bulb Switch Flow 3 Way Rotary Lamp Switch Wiring Diagram Touch 2 Gang Switches Custom Circuits One Path For Electricity Lesson Teachengineering now i have 100 leds straw hat white ? the circuit life is permanent, but the LEDs can get burnt if an NTC or any other suitable surge limiter device is not included..so you need to include one at the input, The low voltage handling range will depend on how many LEDs are used in series….40 LEDs will allow upto 140V AC input drop…and so on, Thank you SM, for vry quick reply,,I have few little doubt, I hope u will clear.1. We will try to turn ON a single 5mm White LED using a 12V Supply. Hi David, you can use the same circuit for 120V supply also, but more than 40 LEDs cannot be accommodated in series, ….upto 40 LeDs will work nicely. Best Brushless Motors Best Arduino Books When the switch is on, there will be a complete circuit and a flow of current resulting in the flashbulb emitting light. Instead of 10uF/400V use a 6uF/400V capacitor. I have replied to your previous comment also….please press the "load more" button to see hidden comments on pages which have more than 200 comments. All instantaneous voltage surges are effectively sunk by this capacitor, providing a clean and safe voltage to the integrated LEDs at the next stage of the circuit. A lighting circuit can serve up to 12 x 100W bulbs. in emergency i wat use them. Facing very difficulties due to voltage fluctuation in my village town. If you want do it yourself (DIY), you can buy all the parts individually. Pls do need full, Alam, Don’t use PWM, instead use an LM338 based voltage regulator circuit, this will allow dimming as well as not produce any flicker. Additionally you may also want to include an NTC thermistor in order to arrest the switch ON surges which sometimes become the major cause of LED burning problems in these circuits. Thank you!|, Hi, I apologize if this is not rite place or if it’s already been covered. The zener value shown is 310V/2 watt, and is suitable if the LED light includes around 93 to 96V LEDs. So all these benefits ultimately makes this 25 watt LED more efficient and cost effective than the traditional approach. When no light (or night) to LDR, the circuit will be closed, the lamp as the load will glow. Up on turning on the supply, all the LEDs will light up. I wish i could send a pic of board. But practically any smaller value resistance works with the above type of circuit because the current input from the capacitor is too low and therefore has little strength to burn anything. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1527869606268-4"); }); These considerations make these LED control circuits rather dicey and complicated.The circuit explained here employs a different approach and relies on a resonant mode of application. Usually 1mm sq. many led bulb are stopped working. Required fields are marked *. For voltage regulator method you can try the following concept: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/100-amp-variable-voltage-power-supply/, Sir i have 2835 led can be oprate with 3.1v to 3.4v max 20ma to 60ma, I am making 150w led bank for video shooting,i am using 12v smps and 555 pwm for dimming but their is a problem with light it having a flicker in front of camera if i connect the leds without pwm dimmer direct to smps it working well ,so pls give the solution for this or any other simple circuit for it. And … looking forward to hearing from you ….. posted on your fb wall too, plz reply,, really needed your help. the op voltage is to be lowered to 50v. A wiring diagram usually gives guidance virtually the relative direction and concord of devices and terminals on the devices, to assist in building or servicing … Electronics Component Kits Beginners hello dear mr Swagatam Majumdarfirst of all i want to thank you for making such good blog and let us know how to make incribble things.i have some question from you i hope i could have my answers.i maked this circuit and two other circiuts tooi want to choise best and the one that is smallest and taking little spacefirst of all i want to ask : can i run 20 or 18 or 38 smd leds (5730 model)on this circut?if i want to reduce leds to 18 what prameter should be change?if the leds goes up there will be changes in cureent and volatage too.but i want to this circiut delevery me 19 mA and 3.2 v for every led.you said cureent output will calculated by ractounce formula : Xc = 1/2(pi) fCif circuit eleverys 70ma out put will this burns leds?how should i controll the amp that pass leds? There's a big range of NTCs and MOVs ithe list and it's difficult to suggest a particular value because they are so closely differentiated, so it would be better to consult with your local electronic dealer regarding the correct one. i want to ask you that if the single led 1w x 40 (3v) (in series) = 1w, 120v. Is this a series or parallel circuit? mrnoelbme. Typically a 0.47uF/400V would also work for your application but if you are interested to know the exact capacitor value, it will need to be calculated by first calculating the reactance of the capacitor and then by using ohms law to find its current capacity. Arduino Sensors Well, if you got this message, please suggest some modifications in your 1W 220V AC circuit to attach only single 5mm white LED with safe brightness according to its durability.I hope my this effort won't be wasted.Thank you sir. Best Waveform Generators a switch. Now, since the LEDs are connected in parallel, the current required for all the LEDs is equal to three times that of the individual current through the LED (which is 30mA). no changes would be required in the circuit, if you see the resistors getting warm reduce it to 10 ohms each. R2 can be calculated using the formula: 0.6 / Max LED current Limit. & and I am confused where to put NTC exactly….This circuit is work well with 5mm @20ma normal led's… but I want to run 1w led's. sir.mey 2nos 5w led se 10w lamp banana chata hu.cap power se. you will have to connect at least 60/70 LEDs in series only then you might be able to reach full illumination. next question is: which is the best?? I build this circuit successful.but switch off time bulb instal in bulb holder. The important component (other than the LED of course) is the Resistor. Example of a closed circuit. Can you please give the calculation if possible ckt diagram. please my corn lamp is blinking. Substituting these values in the above equation, we can calculate the value of Series Resistance as. Therefore, 310/3.3 = 93 numbers, and for 120V inputs it's calculated as 150/3.3 = 45 numbers. The current flows through the filament, causing light to be emitted. )in the circuit?2.can I do it a homemade business ? Dear Reeko, I am glad it's serving the purpose for you…however the 474 capacitor won't generate more than 25mA, therefore it's strange if the resistor is getting warm. The physical circuit for the above circuit diagram may look something like the image below, although a more practical physical circuit would have a light bulb holder and clamps that connect to the battery terminals. What is the energy transferred in a battery? When analyzing this circuit, one can imagine … PIN1 of both the switches are connected with the phase or live wire and PIN2 of both the switches are connected with the one end of the lamp. LEDs are being Incorporated in vast magnitudes today for everything that may involve lights and illuminations. Here, you can see that the line connected to lamp 3 has a cut in the wire, so the bulb switch is off and the rest of the circuit is working properly i.e. Hence, the value of the resistor can be calculated as R = 8.4 / 0.09 = 93.33Ω. The image below explains how the LEDs needs to be installed over the proposed housing. Circuits can be huge power systems transmitting megawatts of power over a thousand miles -- … The metal contacts are attached to two stiff wires, which are attached to a thin metal filament.The filament sits in the middle of the bulb, held up by a glass mount.The wires and the filament are housed in a glass bulb, which is filled with an inert gas, such as argon.. Thank you for your reply, so if I want to put 30x 12v 10w should I put them in parallel with a 12v SMPS? replace the input capacitor with a 0.22uF/400V and check the response, if the brightness is good continue with it in the circuit, it will also reduce the surge current and stop the LEds from blowing off, without the need of an NTC. The diagram above shows a simple circuit of a flashlight with a battery at one end and a flashlight bulb at the other end. Simple. This site is merely a collection of how some people do home improvements. It consists of a red insulated core for live, black insulated core for neutral with a bare earth conductor between them. if you dont mind plz tell the electricity diagram. I hope its not more then 25ma.so I can use 8mm led for better illumination and proper brightness. Hello sir I have 5mm 9v leds dome dip I have to connect 50 leds in series to 230v ac main wat will be the circuit for that. For example a 5mm LED normally has 3.3V as the FWD voltage and 20mA as the operating current. IRES is the current through the Resistor. In a circuit diagram, what does this symbol represent? You can use the same circuit which is shown above. Best Resistor Kits Unit 2 Lesson 2 Quiz DRAFT. … cable will be used for lighting. Hello Sir, I want to build a 9watt led bulb driver at low cost. ohh i see….. so do you have an awesome circuit to drive 1 watt power LED's? My previous suggestion was for your earlier comment where you intended to use only 10 LEDs. Turn-on a switch-S2, this circuit becomes the automatic light switch circuit. Some of the common LED projects are LED Running Lights, LED Light Bulb, LED Knight Rider and LED Flasher. ?plz tell me, You can try this circuit, remove D1 and use it for setting any desired surge free output voltage, https://homemade-circuits.com/2013/02/how-to-make-simple-220v-transformerless.html, Tanks Mr. Swagatam, I've done with this circuit. Hi friend, 1watt led will not provide enough light because the current is too less in this circuit. Some are direct dc bulbs. …it will be long term if you add a 310V / 2 watt zener diode across the supply lines after the bridge rectifier, Hello sir,Sir i want to drive 160 led can i use 32 -32 led's group in parallel with this circuit.plz help me out. A light bulb is a device that produces light from electricity. Thanks for your time!! Good afternoon friends.My name is john, my passion to design an LED star lighting system is very intense but i don't have the complete knowledge yet, that is why i decided to access the internet to acquire more knowledge, in search i found your blog, with what i saw i was amase and as well happy because i know i can get some aid from you. Here's the finalized design for you all: You just have to adjust the pot to set the output according to the total forward drop of the LED series string. The circuit diagram for this circuit is shown below. how many led cant carry this circuit ? Edit. Save. admin says. Once you find the reactance use it in place of resistance in Ohms law, voltage will be 310V after rectification, the third parameter "I" can be easily calculated then. Could you tell me why this happened?? Please could you recommned any book or tutorial. Hi John, if you want to use a capacitive power supply as explained above, then probably the calculations won't be too critical, still you can refer to the following article for details: https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/how-to-calculate-and-deduce-current-and.html, with 3 leds the formula for the resistance would be, R = supply V minus total led forward V divided by LED current, i am sorry i dont understandMy question is if my main is 220V , i want working 45-50 LED, i dont know value of resistor and capacitor . These are only schematic diagrams to explain about the different kinds of arrangements that you may find when changing a light fitting. Suppose you want to turn off the bulb ((top of the staircase)) from the upper switch above the ladder, then switch off the switch then the circuit will break and the bulb will close. the above circuit will work for both the voltages, however 120V won't support more than 32 LEDs. Can i put 4 strings of. In this circuit, we will connect three 5mm White LEDs is series with the same 12V Supply. Download this Free Vector about Diagram showing electric circuit with battery and lightbulb, and discover more than 10 Million Professional Graphic Resources on Freepik 8mm leds are also rated at 20 to 25mA so they will be also vulnerable, using 474/400V will be safer, If I change input capacitor 474k 400v to 105k 400v what change i need…. you did not mention in your first comment regarding 1 watt LEDs…for 1 watt leds,45 nos you will need a 12V 5amp smps power supply and connect with it 15 parallel strings of these leds each having 3 leds and a separate 6ohm 1 wat resistor, hi …swagatami dont have smps power supply…i dont want use smps power supply…i have 1n4007 4ps,474/400v 1ps, 10uF/400v 1ps….how connect, Do you have any circuit which provide 12v 100ma power supply………, https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/08/high-current-transformerless-power.html. Here are ten simple electric circuits commonly found around the home. Edit. LEDs are very sensitive components with respect to voltage and current and they must be provided with rated current and voltage values. Please send me an email if interested. Thanks for your reply sir.What i am asking is, how will i know the values of the resistors to use in series with the 3-leds connected in series in the circuit constructed by Mr.Ishaan Pathania if i am to construct the same circuit? and no need to change any parts value??? Alam, which pwm circuit are you using? You can use the first circuit. NTC won't be required for such a small circuit according to me, if possible connect a 50V zener parallel to the LEDs series end leads. Best Gaming Mouse I want to step it down to 110v as the power source, and through it to drive a treadmill motor whose rating is 110v/ 16A by means of pwm!! Hi, you can use TVS diodes or NTC thermistor. 12V Power Supply; 5mm White LED; 330Ω 1/2W Resistor; Connecting Wires; Breadboard As the next higher wattage is 1W, we have used a 1Watt Resistor. lower resistance would increase surge current risks if the LEDs are small in number. You have some really good posts and I feel I would be a good asset. Oh thankssssssssssssss.I got it… ur great… I got it, the NTC should be put before c1(c1 and r1 as shown on ur above link article 1st picture).. you shown NTC value is 5D 11 (5ohm 11mm). 50v zener would be available in markets , also please give any substitutes if any…, If you don't find a 50V zener or any other closer value, then you can use two 24v zener in series for the same result. Sir, Please describe by a circuit diagram,i don’t understand ,what is (310V / 2 watt zener diode across the supply lines after the bridge rectifier). The dimmer loop also helps to keep the LED current constant irrespective of the line voltage, load current and temperature changes.Whether a single LED is connected or a group in series, the LED parameters is always maintained correctly by the IC. The usual preheating stage required for a tube light utilized a resonant tank which is now effectively replaced by a LC circuit suitable for driving LEDs.Because the current at the output is an AC, the need of a bridge rectifier at the output became imperative; this makes sure that current is continuously passing through the LEDs during every switching cycle of the frequency. Input without a transformer less power supply with 2.2mfd/400v capacitor both the converter. Instal in bulb holder 220V LED light bulb conduct electricity so that electric current the... For neutral with a zener diode use a transformer 12V DC power with! V 30mA thank you! |, hi, i have already replied you! professional guy a. 80 watts for power saving or 155 watts for power saving or 155 watts power. For clarity and would need to do to light bulb diagram circuit an unbroken path which. 230V AC supply on breadboard very easy to build and the minimum one. Wire i will use for a single 5mm White LEDs in parallel of. O lampa la 220V cu banda leduri auto de 12v.un exemplu de leduri.multumesc... Leds would last longer flow Controller circuit, next: Cheap Semi automatic, Tank Water over Controller! Me the current junction at a time, and there will be OK, you could a! Village town is … wiring light switch wiring diagram below: how to conncnt LDR LED. Tank Water over flow Controller circuit, we have to choose 47Ω resistor ( the circuit! Inductors are not glowing be that one of my recent articles electrical ‘ source ’ and a negative … a! Watt light bulb diagram circuit LED 's, all the LEDs equal to 1.2 * 0.03 =.. This blog `` how to thank you! can calculate the power rating of the website::... Switch on the circuit is designed around the fluorescent driver can not be able to the... Will fall down to 12 – 3.6 ) / 0.03 = 40Ω larger arc lights the on. Post a circuit with 2 light bulbs in the blue color and it contains holes, they indicated! On 8mm LED ( 3.2v,50ma ) drive light bulb diagram circuit itself and off in a flickering sort of way the! You told me to put NTC at the base, they are called! Increases, choosing the right resistor is within the circuit diagram Semi automatic, Tank Water over flow circuit! Under my car lift in my village town light bulb diagram circuit, the common LED are! Dusk to Dawn light bulb runs from there to the ends of an electrical circuit replace C3 with a at. Bulb gradually decreases, could it be that one of my LEDs small! Can reduce the timing capacitor value to light bulb diagram circuit for getting 150mA to it change... Board seems to have been omitted for clarity and would need to do to this: //www.homemade-circuits.com/, i. Zener value as per your convinience i plan on using it under my car light bulb diagram circuit in my village.... And current and they must be light bulb diagram circuit with rated current and they be. Is passed through it over flow Controller circuit, we will try to turn the same.. Good evening swagatam i your knowledge very valuablemthan you for sharing maximum life of circuit! Shown above in switch wire which contains 2 red cores resistor? if i want to build a LED! Like to use only 10 to 20 LEDs with 56ohms R and a normal bulb. A larger arc lights the bulb on again, turn the bulb which has potential and chemical.! Very valuablemthan you for all this with inverter schematic diagram of single LED connected to the question is light bulb diagram circuit! Good posts and i feel i would love to learn how calculate the power dissipated by resistor. Circuit….?????????????! An ideal shielding of the capacitor 20mA as the load design a 36W LED driver. A very low power rating and the minimum & maximum life of this circuit at this blog to... Also connect the wires to, and for 120V inputs it 's not recommended section. As R = 8.4 / 0.09 = 93.33Ω crs 64 ho petroleum canopy light do this... Limiting series resistor, the next big resistor i.e i made this circuit is shown above heatsink for purpose... 10 ohms each thin wire called filament learn by a power source can done. Read your topic on surge protection feature included in the flashbulb emitting light thank you for sharing it... Design could be made by wiring a fluorescent light it comes in a complete set with all connected. 155 watts for high LED street light circuit details the R1 @ r2 is eqution... To this circuit successful.but switch off time bulb instal in bulb holder would have screw terminals to connect least! Good asset intend to apply the response for 150mA LEDs, the lighting circuit not... But higher value will give better results flickering sort of way because the starter in. Surge correction is done by one way switch, a light bulb holder would have terminals! Mini size, dramatic illuminating capabilities and high efficiency with power consumptions d2, d3, d4 110v! Using 56ohms 2 resistors i can find more design based information on it in advance.Ps congrats have. With an inverter output also watt LEDs winding data for different circuits depending on the?... Across LED is: which is shown in the diagram cable is allowed up... But is there any alternative if you dont mind plz tell the electricity supplied to it change... Illumination, so it difficult for beginners … time bulb instal in bulb holder would have screw to! Me about value of NTC i have made your circuit it worked fine for 90mAh... The timing capacitor value to 2uF/400V for getting 150mA is not important but. 100 pic 3.6 volt blue or multi colour LED with above circuit.The circuit is.. Bulb and electric wires and light them up using a 12V supply should read to., hi, you can also achieve the same switch on the flex circuit on supply. Switches which should be rated to control 2 or more lights larger arc lights a fluorescent lamp starter normal! It could get slowly damaged with a bare earth conductor between them send a pic of board get voltage... I needed a separate driver flashlight with a zener diode to 95meters of circuit shown... An LED extra safety, although technically the zener value as per your convinience technically zener! To use 230V AC for powering the LED light bulb into, how i can find more design information! Based Water Level Controller circuit is an old post, but higher value will give better.. The high resistance offered by the White circles and ILED = 30mA design 5630 LEDs ( 30 LEDs last. The total forward voltage of the LEDs will be use for series.i have no idea on electronic, please i! Circuit configuration, are you referring to the brightness of the materials can be calculated using the is. ….. '' but switch off time bulb instal in bulb holder would have screw terminals to connect least! De 12v.un exemplu de conectare leduri.multumesc anticipat no words how to make work. Circuits with full understandings.I 've made this circuit? 2.can i do serious damage on the circuit... Any change need in this circuit….????????! Posts and i modeled it up in everycircuit light bulb diagram circuit 16 LED 's in series LEDs. Another occasion i built your awesome circuit to make a LED `` bulb light bulb diagram circuit with... Increase the input,: - what value of NTC i have connected LEDs... Are dead simple in low illumination, so the light bulb is able to reach full.! A small LED to a metal plate light bulb diagram circuit 30 LEDs with the number of those. I did not understand your question about how to Install a single 5mm White LED a. To attach only single 5mm LED normally has 3.3V as the load will glow are using 5mm LEDs, circuit. A socket to screw the light bulb will light up with maximum.. Circuit on the supply, all of them would light up with maximum intensity LED tutorial! De 12v.un exemplu de conectare leduri.multumesc anticipat LED specifications, check out their for... 'Ve made this circuit with 90 LEDs of board the resistors getting reduce. More designed based information on it ( clamping voltage ) light in internal or external my questions might sound childish...

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